Seven laws of teaching Essays

Seven laws of teaching Essays Seven laws of teaching Essay Seven laws of teaching Essay The book is a modern take on classic literature about learning dynamics and classroom management. The book tackles these subjects in the same way as its predecessor but incorporates modern adaptations to the matter. In the law of the teacher, the book is sensitive to current problems brought about by a lack of competent teachers in the public school system. It reestablishes the timeless line that â€Å"one cannot teach what one doesn’t know†. In the law of the learner, the book gives emphasis on the effects of media and popular culture and how teachers of the present should evolve with these trends in order to keep in touch with their student’s mindsets. It is argued that interest and attention must be culled by the teacher from the students by appealing to their present interests and relating subject matter to them. This gives the transition to the law of the lesson, where it was discussed that students have become alienated with classroom learning. This problem could be addressed by understanding student background and using it to the teacher’s advantage. Teachers should draw the beginning of each lesson out of learner’s experiences that could include popular music, television shows, and fashion and gaming trends. In the law of the language, issues on ESL learners and bilingualism were put into focus. It was explained that classroom diversity has expanded to a point that teachers cannot expect their students to be readily fluent with the English language. That being the case, teachers must make appropriate use of other tools of expression in order to get through to their students. In the law of the teaching process, modern concepts like student-centered learning were integrated to modern tools such as rubrics, portfolio, and other materials. In the law of the learning process, the advent of multiple intelligences was discussed within the context of achieving genuine learning. In the law of review and application, common day issues and concerns were addressed with emphasis on the usability of learned knowledge to modern life.

An Overview of Municipal Waste and Landfills

An Overview of Municipal Waste and Landfills Municipal waste, commonly known as trash or garbage, is a combination of all of a citys solid and semisolid waste. It includes mainly household or domestic waste, but it can also contain commercial and industrial waste with the exception of industrial hazardous waste (waste from industrial practices that causes a threat to human or environmental health). Industrial hazardous waste is excluded from municipal waste because it is typically dealt with separately based on environmental regulations. Five Categories of Municipal Waste The second category of municipal waste is recyclable materials. Paper is also included in this category but non-biodegradable items like glass, plastic bottles, other plastics, metals and aluminum cans fall into this section as well. Inert waste is the third category of municipal waste. For reference, when discussed with municipal waste, inert materials are those that are not necessarily toxic to all species but can be harmful or toxic to humans. Therefore, construction and demolition waste is often categorized as inert waste. Composite waste is the fourth category of municipal waste and includes items that are composed of more than one material. For example, clothing and plastics such as childrens toys are composite waste. Household hazardous waste is the final category of municipal waste. This includes medicines, paint, batteries, light bulbs, fertilizer and pesticide containers and e-waste like old computers, printers, and cellular phones. Household hazardous waste cannot be recycled or disposed of with other waste categories so many cities offer residents other options for hazardous waste disposal. Municipal Waste Disposal and Landfills Today, landfills are engineered to protect the environment and prevent pollutants from entering the soil and possibly polluting ground water in one of two ways. The first of these is with the use of a clay liner to block pollutants from leaving the landfill. These are called sanitary landfills while the second type is called a municipal solid waste landfill. These types of landfills use synthetic liners like plastic to separate the landfills trash from the land below it. Once trash is put into these landfills, it is compacted until the areas is full, at which time the trash is buried. This is done to prevent the trash from contacting the environment but also to keep it dry and out of contact with air so it will not quickly decompose. About 55% of the waste generated in the United States goes to landfills while around 90% of waste created in the United Kingdom is disposed in this manner. In addition to landfills, waste can also be disposed using waste combustors. This involves the burning of municipal waste at extremely high temperatures to reduce waste volume, control bacteria, and sometimes generate electricity. Air pollution from the combustion is sometimes a concern with this type of waste disposal but governments have regulations to reduce pollution. Scrubbers (devices that spray liquids on smoke to reduce pollution) and filters (screens to remove ash and pollutant particles) are commonly used today. Finally, transfer stations are the third type of municipal waste disposal currently in use. These are facilities that where municipal waste is unloaded and sorted to remove recyclables and hazardous materials. The remaining waste is then reloaded onto trucks and taken to landfills while the waste that can be recycled for example, is sent to recycling centers. Municipal Waste Reduction Composting is another way cities can promote municipal waste reduction. This type of waste is comprised solely of biodegradable organic waste like food scraps and yard trimmings. Composting is generally done on the individual level and involves the combination of organic waste with microorganisms like bacteria and fungi that break down the waste and create compost. This can then be recycled and used as a natural and chemical free fertilizer for personal plants. Along with recycling programs and composting, municipal waste can be reduced via source reduction. This involves the reduction of waste through the alteration of manufacturing practices to reduce the creation excess materials which get turned into waste. The Future of Municipal Waste To further reduce waste, some cities are currently promoting policies of zero waste. Zero waste itself means reduced waste generation and the 100% diversion of the remainder of waste from landfills to productive uses via materials reuse, recycling, repair and composting. Zero waste products should also have minimal negative environmental impacts over their lifecycles.